CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities

View CSAF Summary ATN-B1 CPDLC relies on legacy clear text unauthenticated radio frequency links. Research demonstrates that these characteristics allow unauthorized message injection, denial-of-service conditions, and forced session resets. These vulnerabilities do not constitute an unsafe aircraft condition but can degrade operational safety margins by increasing workload, delaying safety-critical instructions, and reducing situational awareness. The following versions of CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities are affected: ATN-B1 CPDLC vers:all/* (CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413) CVSS Standard Equipment Vulnerabilities v3 7.1 Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Missing Authentication for Critical Function, Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling, Improper Check for Unusual or Exceptional Conditions Background Critical Infrastructure Sectors: Transportation Systems Countries/Areas Deployed: Worldwide Company Headquarters Location: Global Vulnerabilities Expand All + CVE-2025-71409 Lack of authentication for Very High Frequency Data Link messages allows rogue ground stations to inject CPDLC messages leading to unexpected or misleading clearances and potential pilot confusion. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency. View CVE Details Affected Products CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Standard: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications Product Version: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* Product Status: known_affected Remediations None available Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413. Mitigation These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting. Mitigation Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. Mitigation No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity. Relevant CWE: CWE-306 Missing Authentication for Critical Function Metrics CVSS Version Base Score Base Severity Vector String 3.1 7.1 HIGH CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:L 4.0 7.1 HIGH CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:H/VA:L/SC:N/SI:H/SA:L CVE-2025-71410 Unnumbered Disconnect (U DISC) and malformed Aviation Very High Frequency Link Control frames can terminate sessions and lead to a loss of CPDLC functions requiring a reversion to voice communication and increased controller workload. This type of attack can be carried out remotely over radio frequency. View CVE Details Affected Products CPDLC over ATN-B1 Vulnerabilities Standard: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications Product Version: Advisory Circular 90-117 Data Link Communications ATN-B1 CPDLC: vers:all/* Product Status: known_affected Remediations None available Currently, there is no mitigation available for CVE-2025-71409, CVE-2025-71410, CVE-2025-71411, CVE-2025-71412, CVE-2025-71413. Mitigation These vulnerabilities in the CPDLC protocol stack are exploitable in a lab environment. However, they require very specific conditions to be met and are unlikely to be exploited outside of a lab setting. Mitigation Organizations observing suspected malicious activity should follow established internal procedures and report findings to CISA for tracking and correlation against other incidents. Mitigation No known public exploitation specifically targeting these vulnerabilities has been reported to CISA at this time. These vulnerabilities have a high attack complexity. Relevant CWE: CWE-770 Allocation of Resources Without Limits or